DIABETES MELLITUS
IN
DOGS & CATS
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1. Definition-complex metabolic disorder due to
impaired or deficient insulin secretions by the
pancreatic beta cells,or impaired insulin use in the
peripheral tissues.
2. Classification
a. Type 1 Diabetes
1. Most common in dogs
2. Insulin dependent
3. Middle age to older dogs and cats
4. Low insulin levels
b. Type 2 Diabetes
1. Non-insulin dependent
2. Normal to increased blood insulin concentration
3. Oral therapy and dietary management
4. Resistant to the development of ketoacidosis
5. Common in cats- transient need of insulin during
crisis
c. Juvenile Diabetes
1. Occurs in dogs less than 1 year old
2. Breed predisposition
a. Doberman Pinscher
b. German Sheperd
c. Golden Retreiver
d. Keeshond
e. Labrador Retreiver
f. Old English Sheepdog
h. Poodle
3. Usually requires insulin therapy
d. Type 3 Diabetes
1. Hormonally induced canine and feline diabetes
2. Diabetogenic Hormones like:glucagon,growth
hormone, glucocorticoids, epinephrine
3. Causes(etiology)
a. Predisposing factors
1. Pancreatic destruction pancreatitis, viral,
immune..etc
2. Genetic predisposition
3. Diabetogenic hormones-glucagon,growth,....etc
4. Pregnancy,estrus
5. Obesity
6. Pharmaceuticals-glucocorticoid,megestrol
7. Illness
8. Chronic stress
b. Unknown precipitating cause
4. Effects of Diabetes
1. Decrease utilization of amino acids,
triglycerides, glucose due to lower insulin
levels
2. Increased hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycolysis
(sugar production)
3. Increased glucose(hyperglycemia)
1. Excessive urination,drinking,eating
2. Weight loss
5. Signs
1. Excessive urination,eating,drinking
2. Cataracts
6. Diagnosis
a. Clinical signs
b. Blood testing(chemistry)
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